Dyeing of 100% polyester woven fabric with disperse dye to produce combined shade(High Temperature).

Asif Ahmed Safwan - 20:51
Name of the Experiment: Dyeing of 100% polyester woven fabric with disperse dye to produce combined shade(High Temperature).

Introduction :
Disperse dyes can be used with various techniques and will readily color synthetics such as polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate, viscose, synthetic velvets, and PVC. They can also be used to color plastic buttons and fastenings. Their effect is less potent on polyester, due to the molecular structure, allowing the only pastel through to medium shades.  Polyester fiber contains pores or canals within its structure which, when heated to 100°C, expand to allow particles of the dyes to enter. The expansion of the pores is limited by the heat of the water industrial dyeing of polyester is carried out at 130°C in pressurized equipment.

Objective :
Ø  To learn about dyeing process of polyester woven fabric by disperse dye.
Ø  To dye polyester fabric by disperse dye.
Ø  To make a combined shade using red, yellow, blue color substances.
Ø  To write a report according to the experiment.

Nature of the sample : 
  •      Pre-treated 100% polyester woven fabric.


Apparatus Required :
  •        Beakers.
  •        Glass Rod.
  •        Pipette.
  •      Measuring Cylinder.
  •      Digital Balance.
  •      Tri-pod stand.
  •      Gas Burner.
  •       Thermometer.
  •      Pot.




Process Sequence :
Collection of sample
↓
Set water level
↓
Add Acetic acid solution
↓
check pH
↓
Add dispersing agent solution
↓
Add disperse dye solution
↓
Add fabric sample
↓
Raise temperature to 130deg C
↓
Run time for 20 minutes
↓
Bath Drop
↓
Rinsing
↓
Drying


Dyeing Recipe has been shown in the table: 2.1

SL
Process Parameter
Unit
Dossing
Stock Solution
01
Levelling Agent
g/L
1
1%
02
Dispersing Agent
g/L
1
1%
03
Disperse Red
%
1
1%
04
Disperse Yellow
%
0.5
1%
05
Disperse Blue
%
0.5
1%
06
Acetic Acid
mL
1
-----
07
pH
-----
4.5 - 5.5
-----
08
Sample Weight
gm
5
---
09
M:L
-----
1:40
---
10
Temperature
°C
130
---
11
Time
min
20
----





Function of Chemicals :

            Levelling Agent:  
Ø  Control of the exhaustion dye so that it is taken up evenly.

            Dispersing Agent:
Ø  It increases the solubility of disperse dyes in water.
Ø   It assists in the process of particle size reduction of dye.
            Disperse Dye: 
Ø  Main substances to produce color.
           
           
            Acetic Acid:
Ø  Disperse dyeing required acidic medium, acetic acid control the pH of the dye bath.


Calculation :
Total Liquor:      Material Weight X L        { M:L }
= 5gm X 40
= 200 mL

` Levelling Agent: =  (200 X 1)/(1% X 1000) mL   
         =  20mL

Dispersing agent:  =  (200 X 1)/(1% X 1000) mL  
               =   20mL

Disperse Red:     = (5 X 1%)/(1%) mL  
            =  5 mL 

Disperse Yellow: = (5 X 0.5%)/(1%) mL  
        =  2.5 mL

Disperse Blue:  = (5 X 0.5%)/(1%) mL  
        =  2.5 mL

Acetic Acid: = 1ml

Initial Water :   = Total Liquor - (chemicals)
    = 200 - (20+20+5+2.5+2.5+1)mL
    = 149mL


Process Curve :



Figure : Process Curve


Sample Attachment & Observation :




Figure: Dyed Sample

Comments :  The fabric absorbed dyes particle very well and turns into color.

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